An Investigation of the Influence on Compacted Snow Hardness by Density, Temperature and Punch Head Velocity

The density, temperature, and punch head velocity are dominant factors to the variation of compacted snow hardness measured by penetrometers. This effect is essential construction operation roads. Improved Motor-driven Snow Penetrometers (IMSP) utilized in this research control penetration speed measure true cone during penetration. study employs a multi-method approach combining orthogonal experiments Support Vector Regression (SVR) technique analyze effects these three on hardness. results investigation indicate that, under identical conditions, density positively correlated with snow, its sensitivity significance greatest. Temperature have an hardness, which cannot be completely ignored. close melting point, regardless decreases significantly at high rates. investigates that influence provides substantial technical support for design, construction, maintenance